Atendimento odontológico de pacientes pediátricos institucionalizados em unidades de terapia intensiva

Abstract

Poor oral hygiene is a common problem found in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs), which leads to colonization of the dental biofilm by pathogenic microorganisms, especially respiratory pathogens. Thus, the objectives of this study were to perform an integrative systematic literature review on the dental care of pediatric patients institutionalized in ICU, as well as to establish recommendations for oral care in the ICU through the elaboration of a protocol, aiming to organize, standardize and administer the dental conducts. A bibliographic survey of the articles was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (Medline). The following descriptors were used in Portuguese and English, respectively: “criança’/child, “hygiene bucal”/oral hygiene and ‘unidade de terapia intensiva’/intensive care units. The inclusion criteria defined for the selection of articles were those related to the topic and published in Portuguese and English in the last ten years. For the data collection of the articles selected, an instrument previously prepared and validated by Ursi was used. Ten scientific articles were selected, with two and eight being found in the LILACS and Medline databases, respectively. It was possible to verify that despite the importance of the theme, there are few studies on the subject, and that the standardization of preventive actions is essential for the reduction of oral pathogenic comorbidities in patients institutionalized in ICU, as well as oral hygiene with chlorhexidine at 0.12 %; and the removal of the dental biofilm, which together act actively in the reduction of microorganisms. Oral care protocol in the pediatric ICU was developed