Diversidade e composição de plantas lenhosas em áreas de regeneração natural em campos de murundus

Abstract

The Cerrado biome faces a biodiversity crisis, with intense and uncontrolled exploitation, contributed to the decharacterization of this biome. Humid phytophysiognomies of the cerrado, like the murundus fields, are very sensitive to the disturbances generated by environmental degradation. Thus, this study sought to evaluate a composition of plant species and natural regeneration process in areas of murundus fields that were abandoned about 20 years ago. We established 40 permanent plots of 50x20 m where all live shrub-arboreal plants with trunk diameter at the base of ≥ 1cm and height > 0.5 m were identified. This dissertation was divided in two chapters. The first chapter evaluated composition, life history, phytosociology, endemism and conservation of vegetation species in the areas of murundus fields. We recorded 155 species, 69 genera and 38 families. Animals disperse most of the species found. No endemic species were found in the murundus fields. Finally, the phytosociological parameters coincided with those expected for areas undergoing regeneration. The second chapter, evaluated four levels of regeneration in order to verify the composition of species, to verify the existence of different levels of regeneration, to describe the phytosociological parameters, specific areas and to verify if there is richness and abundance of the vegetal species in regeneration gradients in murundus fields, immersed in an area of sylviculture. We found that a species composition differs between regeneration levels. The values of abundance of individual and species richness differ between levels of regeneration. The community structure components, density, frequency and relative dominance, varied positively in relation to the level of regeneration. The curves of accumulation of species presented, there is still a great possibility of expansion, there are no number of species, for all areas. The ranking of abundance showed that the most basal levels of regeneration had greater dominance of abundant species, and the most advanced degrees obtained a more balanced distribution among species. The Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordering showed that there was separation in the taxonomic composition of the plant species between the levels of regeneration. We found 33 indicator of regeneration species in only two levels of regeneration. The data here found showed the importance of studies on the floristic composition and phytosociology of regeneration areas in vegetation types of wetlands, such as murundus fields. In addition,is important one evaluation about areas in process of natural regeneration for conservation of vegetal species.