Influência do padrão de sono sobre o ganho de peso ao longo da gestação

Abstract

Background: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes to perinatal health, as well as low sleep quality, which is frequently reported during pregnancy. Objective: Therefore, the focus of this study was to evaluate the associations between sleep patterns – time and quality – and the increase in weight during pregnancy. Methods: A prospective and longitudinal study was conducted with 63 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics of the public health service of the city of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Pregnant women were evaluated at the first, second and third trimester for subjective sleep patterns [duration and quality determined by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)] and anthropometric variables (weight and height, for body mass index (BMI). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the association between sleep duration, quality, and BMI over the pregnancy period, while adjusting for confounders (age, physical activity and energy intake). Results: In the GEE analysis, an effect of interaction between time of pregnancy and clusters of sleep quality was observed on the BMI (p < 0.05), which indicates that pregnant with higher quality sleep patterns gain more weight from the second to third trimester, while those with the worst quality sleep patterns gain more weight during the first to second trimester. The analysis of the GEE did not find a single effect of sleep duration or sleep quality on weight gain. However, it was found that pregnant that maintained the same BMI category over the pregnancy period increased their sleep duration from the first to third trimester, while those that ascended the BMI category slept the same amount of time during this period (median = 1.0 [0.0 – 2.0] e median = 0.0 [-2.0 – 1.0], respectively, p = 0.039). Conclusions: The authors concluded that a worse quality of sleep seems to lead to an inadequate weight gain distribution during the period of pregnancy. Future studies that confirm these findings may help in the development of strategies aimed at improving the health of pregnant women.