A influência das transferências governamentais e da arrecadação tributária própria no índice de educação dos municípios da região sudeste

Abstract

In 1988, with the promulgation of the Brazil's Federal Constitution, municipalities started to be considered as federatives entities, endowed with bigger politics, administrative, legislative and financial autonomies. Municipalities' revenues were raised due to the regulation of tax transfers and own tax collection. But this revenues' increase was followed by the accountability of public entities about the management of these resources and the provision of basic services to the local population, such as education. It was determined that municipalities should apply, at least, 25 % of the tax revenues in education, besides to meeting the demand for kindergarden and elementary school education. Considering the changes provided to the Brazilian municipalities, since then, the objective was to verify the influence of the government transfers and of own tax collection in the education index of the municipalities of the Southeast region, from 2009 to 2013, starting from the hypothesis that a greater availability of financial resources would positively impact the municipal education's quality. Specifically, it was tried to investigate if the municipalities of the Southeast region, possessing a greater degree of financial autonomy, due to the better use of the own tax collection, would invest more resources in education. Composing the sample of this study, all the municipalities of the Southeastern Brazilian region were selected, considering the subdivision of these municipal units in mesoregions, from 2009 to 2013. The information was extracted from the SIOPE, IBGE and FIRJAN websites and the study variables were tested through randomized block variance analysis in the Nested or Hierarchical Structure, Spearman correlation, k-means clusters analysis and multiple linear regression. Regarding the degree of financial autonomy, the municipalities in the southeast region are heterogeneous. Among the inferences of this study, we highlight the positive relationship between local economic development and financial autonomy of municipal units and the lack of association between the degree of financial autonomy and investments in education. The municipalities of each state in the southeast region were grouped according to the degree of financial autonomy, highlighting two groups in each state: a grouping was characterized by the fact that it contains most of the municipalities of each state, less autonomous and small, and another, considering a small number of municipalities, all large, more autonomous, highlighting the relationship between municipal size, economic development and degree of financial autonomy. However, the level of investment in education did not show any relation to the degree of financial autonomy, since smaller, less autonomous municipalities showed, on average, a higher percentage of additional investment in education. Finally, due to the impossibility of constructing multiple linear regression models for constructed clusters, it was evidenced that the amount of per capita tax revenues and per capita fiscal transfers, as well as the additional percentage of investment in education, did not impact In the education index assigned to the survey.