Resistência à fratura, padrão de fratura e deformação de raízes com canais excessivamente alargados restaurados com diferentes pinos e técnicas - avaliação mecânica e por extensometria

Abstract

The widening of the root canal increases its fracture risk and is not clear yet, the influence of the materials and techniques used to restore these teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different posts and restorative techniques in the fracture resistance, fracture mode and root strain in canals excessively widened. One hundred thirty five standardized bovine roots, with similar dimensions and endodontically treated, were randomly divided in 9 groups (n=15) with the root canals prepared with 10 mm depth and 1.5 mm diameter. All roots received ferrule in the coronal ending with 0.5 mm depth and 2 mm extension. The roots of two reference groups were reconstructed with nickel-chromium metallic cast post-and-core (NMF) and glass fiber post (PFV) with composite resin core. For the experimental groups (weakened roots - wc groups), the root canals were over prepared additionally with the depth of 9 mm and the diameter increased to approximately 3,5 mm. Then the roots were restored with metallic cast post-and-core (wcNMF); glass fiber post (wcPFV); glass fiber post associated with accessory glass - ap - fiber post (wcPFVap); direct composite resin - cr - in the medial and cervical thirds after luting the post (wcPFVcr); direct composite resin associated with accessory posts in the medial and cervical thirds, after luting the post (wcPFVcrap); the post was reembased indirectly with composite resin - icr - (wcPFVicr); the post was reembased indirectly with composite resin associated with accessory posts (wcPFVicrap). All posts were fixed with chemical resinous cement, the core was made with composite resin and the roots restored with metallic crown. The samples were submitted to 3x105 mechanical fatigue cycles of 50 N load and fracture resistance measured in a mechanical testing machine with tangential load application (135º). Five samples of each group received two strain gauges adhered in the mesial and buccal surfaces of the root, 1mm below the cervical crown ending, in the center of the tooth, to measure roots strain under continuous 0 to 100 N loading. Fracture mode was classified in accordance to the degree of destruction of the dental structure, in catastrophic or repairable. The data were submitted to ANOVA (2x2)l to one-way and Tukey´s test (α=0.05). The factorial analysis demonstrated significant decrease of the fracture resistance and catastrophic failures for the wcNMF group. Roots widened canals restored with composite resin and/or accessory fiber posts result in fracture resistance values similar to NMF group, however, these demonstrated more repairable fracture. The strain-gauge analysis didn t present significant differences in the superficial strain of the root. Fiber glass post associated with composite resin or with accessory fiber glass posts, seems to be more indicated as alternative to metallic cast post-and-core in weakened roots, because of the lower risk of catastrophic fractures.