Efeito de diferentes intensidades de treinamento em modelo de obesidade experimental

Abstract

A sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of a high fat diet are the two exogenous factors responsible for the increase in obesity in the world population. About 95% of cases of overweight / obesity are related to positive energy balance. The genetic factor alone is not the cause of obesity. Even with some physiological or metabolic derangement, proper eating habits and regular physical exercise are able to prevent and treat obesity. Comparing obese population with normal weight, obese have higher oxidative stress than normal weight. Apparently, because of characteristic conditions of these patients: hypercholesterolemia, abnormal metabolism in adipose tissue or excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. The increased production of pro-oxidants instead of antioxidants, can overload the body and promote chronic oxidative stress. There is also evidence that obesity is associated with reduced expression of several proteins antioxidants effectively contributing to the oxidative stress. Exogenous and endogenous factors can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). They represent the result of excitation of O2 to form singlet oxygen (1O2) or reduction of O2 by cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria, that the transfer of one, two and three electrons, originating, respectively, superoxide (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH). To be extremely reactive, high levels of ROS can cause damage to DNA, proteins and lipids. Such damages are related to cellular changes that can lead to necrosis or apoptosis, and gene activation signal of pathological events that, until then, were silenced. The increased mortality from chronic diseases is related to overweight because of the relationship with the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It is well documented that physical exercise and a balanced diet are related to many health benefits, including reduced risk of developing chronic diseases. The dissertation was divided into chapters according to the standards of the Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry and formatting followed the rules of the Brazilian Technical Standards Association, ABNT. In Chapter 1, we present a literature review of the subject. In chapter 2 we show the methods used, the results and the discussion in the form of an article to be submitted to an indexed journal