Cinética de aparecimento e remoção de biomarcadores de lesão muscular, inflamação e estresse oxidativo após exercício combinado de alta intensidade

Abstract

We investigated biomarkers of injury, inflammation and oxidative stress in the blood after high intensity training. Nineteen male athletes performed a combination of high-intensity aerobic and anaerobic training. Samples were acquired immediately before and from 3 h to 72 h after the exercise. CK was elevated 200% at 3 h post-exercise, reaching a 300% peak increase at 12 h and returning to pre-exercise levels within 48 h. LDH activity was 25% higher 3 h after exercise, increasing to 56% higher 6 h after exercise and returning to pre-exercise levels within 12 h. Leukocyte levels were 50% higher and neutrophil levels were 70% higher 3 h after exercise than at baseline, while lymphocyte levels increased by up to 55% after 12 h. MCP-1 was elevated by 40% after 6 h and decreased by 37% 72 h after exercise. TNF-alpha levels were lower in all post-exercise samples. IL-6 and CRP levels remained stable throughout the entire recovery period. The levels of oxidative stress markers remained stable during the experiment. CK and LDH blood appearance and clearance are faster than classic described, coaches and physicians must respect these windows to accurately estimate muscle damage. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio summarizes the mobilization of two leukocyte subpopulations in a single marker and may be used to predict the end of the post-exercise recovery period. Further analysis of the immune response using serum cytokines indicated that the high-intensity exercise performed by highly trained athletes only generates inflammation localized to the skeletal muscle.