Análise de técnicas de rastreamento de máxima potência (MPPT) para aplicação em arranjos de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede

Abstract

The great electricity demand and the and the forecast drop of fossil fuel reserves, besides and the increasing environmental concern in the use of these, have generated discomfort regarding the management of electricity, making new research and development of alternative, clean and renewable sources welcome. The various renewable sources, the Sun is becoming increasingly used as a primary choice in distributed generation. Among other types, wind, tidal and hydroelectric sources require very specific factors for its implementation, being unaffordable for the urban household. With advances in the negotiations between consumers and electricity distributors and the publication of resolutions that regulate the generation of distributed connection to the network in the long run makes visible the economy and the financial return to power compensation is applied. The installation of photovoltaic solar generation needs some components beyond the modules themselves. Converters with maximum power point tracker, current injection control and the phase locked loop to the correct sync must be applied to a plant with increased yield as possible and power extraction. It is in this context that this work is applied. With the growing demand for this type of installation, further studies in the area are required, making possible to predict the functioning of various systems in various situations. The computational study was done using the software Alternative Transients Program (ATP) in conjunction with a graphical platform, ATPDraw, in order to study completely all its components, both separately, in joint operation and connected to the lower mains voltage. The evaluated components are the photovoltaic generation system, the boost converter, the frequency inverter, control of the maximum power point, the power control and phase locked loop with the connection to the power grid following the Normative Resolution 482/2012 of the National Electric Energy Agency and Distribution Standard 5.30 / 2012 Electrical Company of Minas Gerais.