Geração distribuída: legislação brasileira, perspectivas e estudos de casos via ATP

Abstract

The constant concern to meet the growing demand for electricity has provided several researches in different areas in order to obtain new forms of power generation. In this context, distributed generation has emerged as a promising source of electricity located closely to consumer. Therefore, this work has as main objective to analyze the regulatory incentives for the use of distributed generation in Brazil, clearly display the current national legislation of this sector, report the future prospects to regulate this type of generation and assess the contributions of a distributed generation unit connected to a distribution feeder. Initially, it are considered the various descriptions and definitions for distributed generation, as well as concepts and differences between centralized and distributed generation. For a better understanding of distributed generation it is also presented the most prominent advantages and disadvantages of using such generation and the main energy sources that can be used in distributed generation whether renewable or non-renewable. In sequence, Brazilian laws that have contributed to promote the use of distributed generation in this country are presented in detail. It is also addressed the technical standards of the leading electricity distributors in Brazil, since the preparation of such regulations is determined by law. Comparisons are also made between national and foreign standards and presented the future prospects for the Brazilian law of this sector. To evaluate the effects of distributed generation in a distribution feeder, simulations of common disturbances are performed in an electric power system. They are: three-phase short-circuit, phase-to-ground short-circuit, islanding of part of the electrical system and load increase. All case studies are prepared and run with ATP software. To help the analysis, the distributed generator is first disconnected and after connected to the system.