Música na educação infantil : saberes e práticas docentes

Abstract

This dissertation has the objective to analyze knowledge and pedagogic-musical practices of teachers in the daily life of Children s Education classrooms. The research was accomplished with the help of three teachers working in the second stage of Children s Education age group from 5-6 years old in a city school of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. The school is located in the rural area, and has students coming from the settlements of the agrarian reform. Their parents are either small rural areas' owners or field work employees. The specific objectives of the research are: 1) to understand the public policies for Children s Education in the period post-LDB of 1996; 2) to build and present the methodology developed in the investigation; 3) to analyze knowledge and musical roles of Children s Education teachers. The research was based on a qualitative ethnographical approach. Data were collected from interviews, observations and documental analysis. The interviews and observations allowed us to understand the teachers knowledge and pedagogic-musical practices in the classrooms. The official and school documents were also analyzed, which aided in the analysis and interpretation of data. Working with the teachers and their students allowed us to get to know about their Education, musical experiences, tastes, preferences and repertoires used in the classroom; it also allowed us to understand thoughts related to their practices as well as their needs for accomplishment of pedagogic-musical practices. The study revealed that the teachers, even with little or no musical experience, develop works with music in the daily life of their classrooms as they consider music to be important in the context of their pedagogic practices. The teachers use music mainly in the development of affective relationships, in the socialization process, as a didactic resource for the teaching of contents of other knowledge areas, as relaxation and leisure, in the literacy process, in moments of recreation, in festivities of the school calendar and in commemorative dates. We conclude that there are still few moments when music is used in the school and musical activities are mainly song activities. Thus, there is the necessity of musical continuing studies for the Children s Education teachers as well as the need of subjects in the majoring courses of Pedagogy which present music in their contents. Besides the musical continuing studies of teachers, the presence of a music specialist teacher is necessary in the school, as well as material resources and a proper physical structure for the activities with music so that musical education is consolidated in the schools of the elementary school, specifically on what regards Children s Education.