Prevalência do uso de risco de álcool e de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão em adolescentes e adultos jovens com diabetes mellitus tipo 1: estudo transversal

Abstract

Background: The medical literature shows that alcohol consumption is common among diabetic individuals and is associated with poor adherence to treatment, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. However, no study has assessed the association between high-risk alcohol consumption and the presence of anxiety and depression in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (1DM). Objectives: To know the degree of alcohol use, the prevalence at risk alcohol use and symptoms of anxiety and depression, the level of glycemic control and the association between these variables in adolescents and adults diagnosed with type 1 diabetes treated at the Clinic of Endocrinology Outpatient, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) and the Municipal Diabetic Care Center of Uberlândia. Methods: The present cross-sectional study assessed 209 outpatients in regards to alcohol consumption and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms, using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, and glycemic control, according to the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the association between the investigated variables. Results: The prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption (AUDIT ≥ 8) among individuals with 1DM was high, specifically 24.88% among the entire group of subjects, 12.9% among the adolescents, 14.7% among the females, and 34.6% among the males. Upon comparisons based on gender and age, the odds of high-risk drinking were higher among males and participants aged 30 to 40 years (33.93%). The frequency of high-risk alcohol consumption did not differ as a function of gender among adolescents (females: 9.09%, males: 16.21%; p=0.374). Neither the frequency of anxiety (total: 29.66%, females: 37.25%, males: 22.43%) nor depression (total: 11%, females: 17.65%, males: 4.7%) symptoms exhibited associations with high-risk alcohol consumption. Moreover, the odds of female subjects exhibiting anxiety or depression symptoms were higher (odds ratio OR: 4.37 and OR: 7.4, respectively). Glycemic control was inadequate in most of the sample and did not exhibit an association with high-risk alcohol consumption or the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusions: The prevalence of high-risk alcohol consumption and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms were high in this patient sample. The frequency of high-risk drinking increased together with age and was greater among males; however, this frequency did not exhibit differences in terms of gender among adolescents. Glycemic control was inadequate in most of the sample independent of alcohol consumption and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms.