Índices dopplervelocimétricos e evidências de variação da perfusão da artéria oftálmica de gestantes tabagistas

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the perfusion of ophthalmic artery of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers by Doppler index. Correlate these with acute and chronic phase of tobacco consumption, cigarettes per day, years smoking and carbon monoxide expired (COex). Method: Transversal study involving 70 pregnant smokers divided into A group (AG): 33 pregnant women who smoked up to two hours and B group (BG): 37, who smoked between 2 to 24 hours before test. Control group (CG) was made up of 51 pregnant nonsmokers. Doppler ophthalmic artery test was carried out using Medison Sonoace 8000SE multifrequency linear transducer equipment. Coex was measured using portable piCO+ Smokerlyzer_Bendfont CO monitor. Other variables of all smokers taking part were verbally questioned. Doppler indexes were assessed: PSV (Peak Systolic Velocity), EDV (End Diastolic Velocity), PI (Pulsatility Index), RI (Resistance Index) and PR (Peak Ratio). ). For assessment of nicotine dependence was used the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Groups were compared using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney and Spearman s correlation coefficient, with p<0.05. Results: RI and PI were higher (p<0.01) and PSV and EDV were lower (p<0.05) in B group compared to A group and control. A group were higher PR (p<0.01) compared to control. AG presented years of smoking (p:0.91), cigarettes per day (p:0.048), COex (p:0.003) and interval of last cigarette (p:0.001) greater than BG. Doppler evaluation indices correlated only with the interval of the last cigarette. FTND in the group which smoked less than 2 hours was 6 +/- 3 and in the group which smoked between 2 and 24 hours was 4 +/- 3 (p:0.002). Conclusions: The ophthalmic artery in pregnant smokers show a biphasic pattern in accordance with the time of consuption of the last cigarette. There is vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion to tobacco exposure between 2 and 24 hours and vasodilatation and hyperperfusion to exposure acute. The variation of the perfusion correlated only with the exposure of time last cigarette. There was correlation between the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and the level of carbon monoxide exhaled in population of pregnant smokers.