Vírus respiratórios em crianças atendidas em serviços píblicos de atenção primária e secundária à saúde de Uberlândia, MG

Abstract

In Brazil, the few studies conducted have used viral etiology, in general, traditional methods (imunofluorescense techniques and and viral cultures) in hospitalized children. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses using indirect immunofluorescence techniques and the reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with acute respiratory disease attendet in public institutions of primary and secondary care in the city of Uberlândia. Between february, 2008 to may, 2010 were obtained a convenience sample, nasopharyngeal aspirates from children under five years old with symptoms of acute respiratory disease, attended at Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família - Granada 1, Unidade de Atendimento Integrado-Pampulha and in Clinica Infantil Don Bosco in Uberlândia. Acute respiratory disease was defined by the presence of coryza, coughing, breathing difficulties and/or sibilance, with or without fever. The indirect immunofluorescence techniques and the reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction were used to test for the presence of respiratory viruses. A total of 43 children (53,5% male and 46,5% female) between two and 60 months of age (average: 18,3 months; median 15 months; DP±16). The clinical diagnosis for admission was common cold for 23 children (53,4%), tracheobronchitis in four (9,3%); pneumonia in 12 (28%) and bronchiolitis in four (9,3%). At least one respiratory virus was detected in 22 (51,1%) of the samples. A total of 26 viruses were identified. Ten (38,4%) samples were positive for the respiratory syncytial virus; ten (38,4%) for rhinovirus, three (11,5%) for parainfluenzavirus; two (7,7%) for adenovirus and one (3,8%) for influenzavirus. Co-infection occurred in three of the samples. The indirect immunofluorescence techniques identified nine (21,0%) and the reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction 19 (44,1%) of the respiratory viruses. The rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the respiratory virus most prevalent in children with acute respiratory disease in public institutions of primary and secondary care. The use of molecular method permitted a two fold increase in the capacity for detection of the viral agent collected from the nasopharyngeal aspirates.