Fontes de fósforo na implantação de sistema integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta: atributos físicos do solo, matéria orgânica e produtividade da soja

Abstract

The soil is a complex system susceptible to degradation. Its degradation is an evolutionary process, starting with the conversion of natural systems into production systems. Currently, in search of non-degradation of natural systems, production systems are under continuous advancement in the quest for sustainability. The new reality requires a production model based on inter-and transdisciplinarity, which looks for alternatives for the practices and methods still used, aiming at lower production cost. This is possible only through research and innovation that can incorporate environmental sustainability parameters into production systems that currently exist. However, such parameters have to become relevant for the producers. From this perspective, this study analyzed how some sustainable practices, such as agroforestry systems, and different sources of phosphate fertilizers as options for maintaining agricultural production and improving soil quality. Also, this study built a database on soil characteristics and production of these systems for future use. The experiment was conducted in Uberlândia-MG, in the season of 2011/2012. A ICLF (integration Crop- Livestock-Forest) system was set and conducted with different fertilizations on soybean intercropped with eucalyptus, as well as a silvipastoral system (SS) between Brachiaria decumbens and eucalyptus. It can be concluded that the systems ICLF and SS are sustainable practices, and are good options for incorporating underutilized or degraded areas into the production process. Similarly, the organomineral source of phosphorus improved the environmental quality of soils under recovery. However, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the soil and yield components in subsequent years for an evaluation of the real benefit to the soil caused by agroforestry systems and phosphorus fertilization with different sources of phosphorus.