Efeitos de herbicidas sobre parâmetros agronômicos de cultivares de feijão 𝘝𝘪𝘨𝘯𝘢

Abstract

In recent decades, beans belonging to the Vigna spp. genus have shown considerable potential for the Brazilian market, standing out for their remarkable resistance in environments with water scarcity or high temperatures. Regarding plant protection practices, one of the main problems in bean cultivation is weeds. Therefore, with the expansion of Vigna bean cultivation, questions arise about the behavior of cultivars when treated with herbicides used in Phaseolus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of Vigna bean cultivars to the herbicides s-metolachlor, quizalofop+fomesafen, bentazon+imazamoxi, cletodim+fomesafen, and lactofen+haloxifop. The cultivars evaluated were: Vigna unguiculata (cv. Itaim), V. unguiculata (cv. Nova Era), V. unguiculata (cv. Rouxinol), Vigna unguiculata (cv. Tumucumaque), V. radiata (cv. Mungo Verde MG2), and V. angularis (cv. Azuki). A completely randomized design was used in a 6 x 7 factorial scheme (6 cultivars combined with 5 herbicide treatments plus treatment with one specimen of Commelina benghalensis and manual weeding), totaling 126 sample units (3 replicates of each combination) consisting of 10.0 L pots. Except for s-metolachlor, herbicides were applied post-emergence, and the evaluated parameters included germination, visual intoxication, plant height, leaf quantity, number of pods, grains per plant, grains per pod, and total grain mass produced. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared using the Scott-Knott test (p<0.05). For V. angularis (Azuki), the best treatments were cletodim+fomesafen and lactofen+haloxifop. V. radiata (Mungo Verde) showed that all treatments, except s-metolachlor, were adequate. V. unguiculata cv. Itaim showed recovery with bentazon+imazamoxi, quizalofop+fomesafen, and s-metolachlor. Cv. Nova Era performed better with bentazon+imazamoxi and lactofen+haloxifop. For cv. Rouxinol, the most balanced treatment was bentazon+imazamoxi. Quizalofop+fomesafen caused sensitivity in cv. Tumucumaque.