Síntese e caracterização de sistemas orgânicos semicondutores baseados em tiofeno-fenileno para aplicação em células fotovoltaicas

Abstract

The combination, enhancement or development of new properties in molecular architectures of π-conjugated systems can be strategically exploited in the construction of optoelectronic devices and producers of energy. This work is based on the results of a multidisciplinary collaboration and focuses on the synthesis, characterization and application of π-conjugated systems derivated of thienylene-phenylene units. The aim was to highlight the relationships between the chemical structure of the synthesized materials and their optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties. Thus, our studies were focused on two specific cases. The first case was the production of solar cells based on a polymer as theelectron donor and a fullerene derivative as the electron acceptor. Physical parameters were correlated to morphological, structural and optoelectronic properties of each polymer applied, demonstrating the importance of optimizing physicochemical parameters for the performance of photovoltaic devices. The second case consisted of the controlled investigation of stable aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes into single conjugated molecules functionalized with imidazole groupments. Optimization of experimental conditions and quantification of the dispersions were performed by absorption spectroscopy in the UV-Vis-NIR range. Dispersability, individualization and stability of the dispersions were estimated using transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. Nuclear magnetic resonance results have provided direct evidence for a possible cation-π interaction between conjugated polymer and carbon nanotubes. Finally, we present in this work, the synthesis of various organic materials, as well as their first characterizations for possible technological applications, such as our proposal, the organic materials as the active layer in photovoltaic devices and as dispersing materials of carbon nanotubes.