100 anos de acidentes envolvendo radiação: Uma análise histórico-científica dos principais eventos

Abstract

For the construction of scientific knowledge to take place, concepts that have already been studied need to be incorporated, so discernment regarding accidents and involving radiation becomes important for the optimization of procedures involving its use, as well as the improvement of radiological protection. Thus, with informative purposes, this work brings a review of the bibliography found in research banks about accidents involving radiation in the period of 100 years, from 1920 to 2020. To accomplish the review, articles and books were registered, separating information about dose values, countries, elements, and types of events classified into different most recurrent categories, with different events over the years, analyzing the historical-scientific context. With the presentation of graphs and tables classifying accidents as well as recurrence, it was possible to observe that accidents with radiators, followed by criticality accidents and accidents with orphan sources occur more frequently, and the countries with the highest incidence of accidents are China, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and United States of America. However, the lack of certain information regarding accidents demonstrates the need for research in different literatures in order to search for events reported late, in addition to information about control procedures and safety protocols, thus contributing to the expansion of knowledge in the area.