Aplicações da dinâmica de portadores de cargas em semicondutores como sistemas quânticos abertos

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of open quantum systems plays a fundamental role in many quantum mechanical applications. Examples of applications include problems such as mediuminduced loss of quantum coherence, relaxation in many-body systems, quantum transport, quantum chemistry, quantum information, among others. In close analogy to a classical Markovian stochastic process, the interaction of an open quantum system with a noisy environment is often phenomenologically modeled by means of a time-independent generator superoperator in the form of Lindblad, which typically describes an irreversible loss dynamics of quantum features. Here, particularly, we are interested in systems where charge carriers in semiconductor devices are coupled to a noisy thermal environment. In this context, we present our studies of two problems: the characteristics of the photovoltaic conversion of a quantum dot molecule coupled to a phononic reservoir, under the action of thermal radiation, and the formation of quantum states of light in nanocavities coupled with quantum dots. In the second problem we investigate the quantum-classical transition in mesoscopic superposition states of the field inside the nanocavity and further explore the action of an environmental engineering on such states.