Fluidoterapia em cães e gatos: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Water is abundant in the animal organism, totaling about 60% of body weight. If it is a pregnant or lactating female this value can reach 70 to 90% and in puppies about 80%. Homeostasis is important for the proper functioning of the organism and for maintaining the amount of liquid, ions and other components must be appropriate. Dehydration and shock situations are routinely present in the small animal clinic due to various diseases and situations. For this, a correct replacement of water and electrolytes through fluid therapy is essential. The objective of this study was to help veterinarians and students of veterinary medicine through a quick guide on the main topics involving fluid therapy. Therefore, the study will collaborate in learning and conduct with patients. The types of fluids are crystalloid (hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic) and colloids. The isotonic crystalloid ringer lactate replenishes interstitial fluid and is the most used due to its similarity to blood plasma, low cost and high availability. Colloids are more expensive and serve to replenish intravascular fluid. It is essential to evaluate each patient, considering their age and clinical condition in which they are in order to choose the appropriate fluid.