O Serviço Federal De Segurança (FSB) russo e a guerra híbrida: o caso da Ucrânia

Abstract

Hybrid warfare has gained increasing prominence as a diplomatic device of the great powers, a concept that this paper seeks to analyze in light of the role of the FSB, in the case of Ukraine. In this context, it is proposed to understand the idea of hybrid war and the “new” forms of intervention in international affairs to then present a historical recapitulation from the end of the Soviet Union to the resurgence of the Russian Federation in the global order. Together with the intelligence community, the FSB was instrumental in fighting the hybrid war waged by the Western powers in Ukraine. Following a previously established doctrine of action, the then incumbent government led by Viktor Yanukovych was overthrown in favor of a new administration, ideologically aligned with the goals set by the United States and its allies in Europe. Seeking to expand the “border” of the West with Russian territory through the possible entry of Ukraine into both NATO and the European Union, there is an effort to isolate Russia politically and militarily, so as to contain its geopolitical aspirations in the region. Thus, the FSB's role was able to curb NATO's eastward expansion through a mix of traditional intelligence operations, using techniques implemented in the hybrid warfare already waged by the West — fragmenting the Ukrainian state and society in order to prevent their entry in the aforementioned organizations, thus guaranteeing the continuity of the Russian project to regain its international prestige.