A crítica da prova ontológica em Kant

Abstract

The arguments for God s existence through reason was target of several of Kant s criticisms. We will study in this present paper Kant s arguments about the Ontological argument for God s existence in three layers. In the first moment we will make a terminological introduction on Critical philosophy. We will debate the animus in the philosophical system of Kant s Critic of the Pure Reason taking into account the separation between logic and aesthetics, reason and intellect, ideas and categories, and we will point how Reason s illusions are born. In the second moment we will focus on the chapter The Ideal of Pure Reason . We will research what is the natural way that leads us to a proof for God s existence what are the illusions that leads us to perpetrate this hypostasis, and what is the predominance of the ontological proof over the others. In the last part we will focus on the arguments presented by Kant to become totally unsuccessful the arguments of a priori proof of God totally unreasonable. We will present a division of the main arguments shown in the Transcendental Dialectic , we will compare it with the Cartesian philosophy, and also with the pre-critic text of the Unique Argument. Finally, having the objections that leaded Kant to refute the ontological proof in 1781 been explained, we will be able to compare how far this argument have been anticipated by the 1762 text.