Educação em Marx, Engels e Lênin

Abstract

The present research was developed within the scope of the Mastery in Education on the Research Line of Work, Society and Education, in the Graduate Program on Education - PPGED - of the Faculty of Education of the Federal University of Uberlandia. Carried out from a bibliographic analysis, this research took into account the theoretical-methodological framework of Marx's dialectical historical materialism. This study’s aim was to understand the contributions of Marx, Engels and Lenin on the matter of education. For that, an investigative path was traced, based on the following specific purposes: to identify the role of education and school in 19th century Europe and to present the principles that guide the proposal of socialist education, under Marx, Engels and Lenin's ideas. Initially, the focus was in the role played by education in the European context, produced by what we call here a double revolution the French and the Industrial. After that, the work was divided into four parts: firstly, we investigated the ontological principle of work and its relation to education, as well as the historical development of the relations between work, society and education, considering three important aspects: property, mode of production and division of labor. After that, a survey was made on the works in which Marx and Engels made considerations about instruction. In the third part, it was done a qualitatively analysis of the main elements related to these considerations, namely: criticism of bourgeois education, factory, child labor and education legislation, and the revolutionary perspective of education and its relationship with meaningful and ontological work. Finally, we elaborate some considerations about Lenin's contributions to the educational issue in its real context, the Soviet Russia.