Crise no capitalismo em Marx: O que o capital nos diz sobre as perturbações no sistema capitalista

Abstract

This study reconstructed the Marxian logic of economic crises based on an exhaustive review of Books I, II and III of Capital. It shows that, even without formulating a complete theory, Marx provides categories—the law of the falling rate of profit, the organic composition of capital, capital turnover, overproduction and relative/extraordinary surplus value—that explain why disturbances are recurrent and endogenous to the capitalist mode of production. It reasons that the anarchy of production, combined with the search for extraordinary profits, deepens the contradiction between the unlimited expansion of production and the restriction of consumption, generating cycles of valorization, crisis and recomposition. Furthermore, it concludes that crises are not accidents, but rather violent adjustment mechanisms that temporarily reconstitute the conditions of accumulation, at the cost of devaluing surplus capital and socializing losses in the labor force.