Padrões de especialização e competitividade externa nos BRICS no período 2000-2012

Abstract

The present work aims, at first, to determine the relationship between export basket and income per capita worldwide, seeking to understand if what a country exports is relevant to its economic performance. For this, it has been used the calculation of PRODYX index and the results obtained shows that exports of different products have different associated average income per capita, corroborating with the hypothesis that what a country produces and exports is important for its economic performance. In a second moment, this work aims to monitor and characterize quantitatively and qualitatively, the evolution of trade flows of the countries members of BRIC in the 2000s. For this, it has been analyzed the growth, the relative composition and the trade balance of the commercial flows of BRIC, and calculated the indicators of external trade (Market-Share, Revealed Comparative Advantages, Index of Contribution to the Trade Balance and Index of Intra-Industry Trade) and the obtained results were that, on the one hand, Brazil and Russia not only maintained a pattern of rigid specialization, keeping with the existing pattern in the early 2000s, but also deepened this pattern, with an increase in the dynamics of primary products and intensives in natural resources. On the other hand, India and mainly China showed changes in the period, converging to a pattern of specialization based on products with higher added value and greater diversification.