Padrões de uso da prótese total inferior e seus impactos funcionais, sistêmicos e psicossociais em idosos

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the patterns of use of mandibular complete dentures (MCDs) and their associations with functional, systemic, and psychosocial outcomes in older adults rehabilitated through public health services. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted with 46 edentulous patients rehabilitated with bimaxillary complete dentures. Data collection included interviews, clinical examinations, and the application of standardized instruments. The primary outcome was regular or discontinued use of the mandibular denture. Secondary outcomes included masticatory performance (CFQ), satisfaction (VAS), oral health–related quality of life (OHIP-Edent), nutritional status (MNA), and cognitive function (MMSE). Group comparisons and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Results: Among participants, 43.5% exhibited discontinued use of the mandibular denture, mainly due to instability, discomfort, or fractures. This usage pattern was significantly associated with poorer masticatory performance (p = 0.002) and lower satisfaction with the prosthesis (p = 0.002), but not with OHIP-Edent scores or nutritional and cognitive outcomes. Logistic regression indicated that prosthetic instability, low satisfaction, and negative functional experiences increased the likelihood of discontinuation, although not all associations remained statistically significant in the adjusted model. Conclusion: Discontinuation of mandibular denture use was common and associated with impaired mastication and reduced satisfaction. Regular follow-up and functional maintenance of denture stability are essential to ensure long-term use among older adults.