Materiais Magnéticos: como são abordados em alguns livros didáticos voltados ao Ensino Médio

Abstract

The magnetic properties of matter is a topic often neglected and overly simplified in high school Physics textbooks. This study conducts a survey of 15 textbooks provided by PNLD 2018 and PNLD 2026. The methodology is grounded in Yves Chevallard’s Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD), with its analytical framework reinforced by Bittar’s proposal, which segments content into course sections and proposed activities. Additionally, Bardin’s Content Analysis is employed to categorize and codify the conceptual depth levels related to magnetic materials (ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic) into three tiers: Superficial, Intermediate and In-depth. Results reveal that 53,3% (8 books) adopt a Superficial approach, 40% (6 books) an Intermediate one and only 6,7% (1 book) an In-depth treatment. Furthermore, just 46,7% (7 books) include specific exercises or activities on the topic. These finding highlight a significant theoretical and methodological gap, undermining students proper conceptual understanding of magnetic materials.