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Esclerose lateral amiotrófica: caracterização clínica e epidemiológica de pacientes atendidos em um hospital universitário

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Esclerose lateral amiotrófica: caracterização clínica e epidemiológica de pacientes atendidos em um hospital universitário Abstract: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare and progressive neurodegenerative disease, whose clinical, functional, and social impact is exacerbated by the absence of a cure and the limited effectiveness of available treatments. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological profile of ALS patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil, with emphasis on the relationship between pesticide exposure and disease incidence, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of specialized home care. The sample consisted of 70 patients diagnosed with ALS and monitored by the Home Care Service of the Federal University of Uberlândia between 2018 and 2023. The majority of patients were male (58.2%), with a mean age of 60 years, low educational attainment, and household income below two minimum wages. Approximately 23.5% had direct or indirect occupational links to agricultural activities, and 61.8% lived in rural or peri-urban areas. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between rural occupations and ALS diagnosis (p < 0.0001), suggesting a potential correlation between occupational pesticide exposure and the disease. Data analysis indicated that the predominant ALS form was familial (34%), with limb-onset phenotype in 60% of cases and a mean survival of 38 months after symptom onset. The average diagnostic delay was 21.9 months. Death was the outcome in 63.6% of the cases. The "Melhor em Casa" Home Care Program played a central role in patient care, providing multidisciplinary support and resources such as gastrostomy, oxygen therapy, medication management, and palliative care. The findings highlight the significant role of environmental and occupational factors in ALS incidence and underscore the urgent need for public policies focused on pesticide regulation, rural worker protection, and the expansion of specialized home-based care.

Novo momento da privatização da educação no contexto do aprofundamento do capitalismo neoliberal brasileiro: o caso da rede estadual de Mato Grosso

Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Novo momento da privatização da educação no contexto do aprofundamento do capitalismo neoliberal brasileiro: o caso da rede estadual de Mato Grosso Abstract: This thesis examines the role of public education in the intensification of neoliberal capitalism in Brazil, focusing on the case of private sector incursions into the state education network of Mato Grosso from 2018 to 2024. The analysis is premised on the understanding that the mandatory implementation of subnational curricula, as dictated by the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), has created more favorable conditions for these incursions on a national scale. We argue that the privatization of public education manifests in various forms and is embedded within a broader wave of privatizations. This wave is part of a bourgeois offensive led by U.S. imperialism aimed at reestablishing profit margins and exerting global and domestic influence.This global process, driven by historical necessity and possibility, prioritizes profit maximization in the function of schools within a class-based society without sacrificing its ideological function. The process does not occur without aligning the interests of U.S. imperialism with those of the Brazilian ruling classes. Considering Brazil's peripheral and dependent socio-economic structure, privatization strategies typically find ways to compensate both domestic and foreign capitalists. This often involves stock purchases, as the service bourgeoisie that emerged from the 1990s privatizations transformed local and regional companies into publicly traded educational conglomerates within a decade.The thesis demonstrates that this concerted effort was orchestrated by various sectors of the bourgeoisie, notably through the "Todos Pela Educação" and "Movimento Pela Base" initiatives. These initiatives are rooted in the educational paradigms promoted by international organizations for "education for the 21st century" and have received substantial support from the Brazilian state to convert public education into a market niche. The most developed outcomes of this relationship are the BNCC and the New High School Model (NEM). Based on the analysis of contracts with the Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV) for a Structured Education System and continuous professional development courses with the Telefônica Vivo Foundation and the Natura Institute, alongside critical literature, the thesis argues that the privatization dynamics in Mato Grosso's state education (Brazil) are symptomatic of the broader neoliberal capitalist trajectory in Brazil, mirroring trends in other states. Consequently, a larger portion of educational funding is being diverted to private organizations, which increasingly influence the public education agenda.Specifically, the argument posits that the teaching profession is being undermined in this process, stripping educators of their professional autonomy and reducing them to executors of proprietary educational materials and platforms. This phenomenon accentuates the predominance of 'dead labor' over 'living labor' in public education, serving the capital's imperative for both market expansion and ideological dissemination of its educational and societal blueprints.

O agronegócio cafeeiro do sul de Minas Gerais: especialização territorial produtiva, agentes corporativos e divisão intrarregional do trabalho

Tue, 24 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: O agronegócio cafeeiro do sul de Minas Gerais: especialização territorial produtiva, agentes corporativos e divisão intrarregional do trabalho Abstract: Throughout the twentieth century, Brazilian agriculture underwent significant structural transformations. The advent of globalization intensified these diverse processes, such as the homogenization of techniques, increased production and exports, and the emergence of specialized spaces, among others, making agribusiness one of the main drivers of the reorganization of Brazilian territory. Within this context, the thesis aimed to understand, in Southern Minas Gerais — the main coffee-producing region of Brazil — the process of regional productive specialization and some of its resulting implications, such as the corporate use of territory and the intraregional division of labor, that is, the emergence of urban centers specialized in functions associated with the coffee spatial production circuit. Both the process of regional specialization and the specific functions of certain cities reveal the importance and centrality that regional production assumes in the domestic and international commodity market, allowing us to recognize in Southern Minas Gerais the emergence of true “agribusiness cities,” which perform functions such as providing services and infrastructure geared toward the productive consumption of the coffee agribusiness, receiving infrastructure investments and acquiring characteristics of a corporate territory, as they are strongly oriented toward hegemonic agents that control production (trading companies and large cooperatives).

Especialização produtiva e reconfiguração do espaço regional: permanências e rupturas na territorialização da agroindústria da carne em Chapecó-SC

Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Especialização produtiva e reconfiguração do espaço regional: permanências e rupturas na territorialização da agroindústria da carne em Chapecó-SC Abstract: A lo largo de la historia, el municipio de Chapecó ha pasado por numerosas transformaciones. La población fue impactada por estos cambios, que en algunos casos fueron positivos y en otros negativos. Muchos de estos cambios tienen relación con la forma de colonización y el crecimiento de pequeños mataderos en la región que, con el tiempo, se expandieron y alcanzaron niveles de grandes agroindustrias y cooperativas del sector cárnico, con inserción a nivel nacional e internacional. Teniendo esto en cuenta, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el municipio de Chapecó y el oeste catarinense como resultado de una tradición histórica y afectiva en la cual la instalación de grandes proyectos agropecuarios al mismo tiempo que puede eliminar antiguos vínculos afectivos e identidades desarrollado a lo largo de los años también pone el territorio en un escenario de expresivo crecimiento económico. Metodológicamente, para cumplir con el objetivo de esta investigación y dar la debida profundización teórica, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica a través de artículos de revistas y anales de eventos, capítulos de libros, análisis de periódicos en línea e impresos. También, se levantaron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos en sitios institucionales de empresas de investigaciones agropecuarias y federaciones de cooperativas agropecuarias, en informes, en la base de datos Sidra del IBGE y para profundizar aún más en la temática de esta investigación, se realizaron entrevistas con agricultores familiares de Chapecó y con un miembro del Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Agricultura Familiar (Sintraf), respetando todos los principios éticos. En relación a los resultados, se entendió que los agentes productores del espacio, en el presente trabajo representados, principalmente, por las agroindustrias y cooperativas del sector de carnes, tienen gran influencia para transformar, romper y crear nuevas identidades en el campo, además de poner a los agricultores familiares en una posición de subordinación. Además de los impactos sociales, económicos y culturales observados, el medio ambiente también se ve afectado por los cambios impuestos por estos agentes. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que el poder público, a través de instituciones/empresas orientadas al campo, contribuye significativamente con los productores rurales a través de la asistencia técnica y extensión rural, pero, los valores disponibles para estas acciones variaron mucho según la alineación del gobierno y sus prioridades, afectando así a estos servicios en algunos períodos. Además, son diversos los programas y proyectos que contribuyen a la mejora de la vida en el campo, sin embargo, es necesario que se creen más políticas públicas que tengan en cuenta las diversidades del campo y las especificidades de cada región brasileña, para así atender mejor las demandas de cada productor rural, especialmente aquellos que se encuentran más vulnerables. Para enfrentar estas situaciones y mejorar los ingresos en el campo, en las últimas décadas se observan algunas acciones, como el aumento de actividades no agrícolas en el campo a través del turismo rural, la producción y comercialización de artesanías, extractos de plantas, cafés coloniales, constitución de agroindustrias familiares, entre otras.