https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/18970 Thu, 23 Apr 2026 15:58:27 GMT 2026-04-23T15:58:27Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48524 Title: Inovação e trajetórias tecnológicas: a produção de medicamentos no Brasil Abstract: Considering innovation as the main way of competition, this master's thesis investigates the possibility of identifying technological paths in the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil, including the Official Pharmaceutical Laboratories of Brazil (LFOB), focusing on the role of patents as a mechanism of appropriability. Based on the evolutionary theory of technological change, which defines a paradigm as specific patterns of problem-solving, and a technological path as the ways of solving them, the study aims to verify the technological path traced by the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil based on patents filed under Brazilian jurisdiction between 2000 and 2024, a period marked by significant institutional changes. The guiding hypothesis of the work is that there is no consistent and well-defined technological trajectory in the pharmaceutical industry established in Brazil. To achieve the proposed objective, the configuration of the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil is initially presented, marked by the coexistence of transnational companies, national companies, and Official Pharmaceutical Laboratories, as well as by high external technological dependence. Subsequently, the social network analysis (SNA) method is applied to patent citations extracted from the Lens.org database, as this allows establishing relationships between individuals in order to identify technological connections and possible trajectories. The results indicate weaknesses in the articulation between patents, both in the overall industry and in the specific case of LFOBs, suggesting that the technological path found is neither consistent nor well-defined, confirming the hypothesis of the work. What seems to exist, in fact, are some "islands" of knowledge centered around a few of the most relevant patents in the sample. Therefore, the need for intervention in a sector with a twofold interest, social and economic, is evident. In this sense, policies to stimulate the pharmaceutical industry should be designed considering an efficient integration between industrial and social policy. Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48524 2026-02-05T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48410 Title: Acesso ao crédito ABC e Recuperação de Pastagens em Minas Gerais: uma análise da correlação entre as Estruturas Produtivas e Produtividade Abstract: Pasture recovery is essential for the sustainability of livestock farming, since degradation reduces soil organic matter, vegetation cover, and the nutritional quality of forage. Inadequate management compromises productive vigor and increases greenhouse gas emissions. In this sense, this work aims to understand whether the productive structures of the mesoregions of Minas Gerais correlate with the contracting of credit for pasture recovery and with productivity levels. By productive structures, the study refers to the set of institutions, organizations, and services that support the agricultural production process, including financial institutions, input resellers, agricultural cooperatives, and technical assistance and rural extension services that are heterogeneously distributed across the mesoregions of Minas Gerais. To this end, Spearman's correlation coefficient is used, a non-parametric method that measures the associations between variables through ranks. The analysis considers information on the number of financial institutions, input resellers, agricultural cooperatives, and Emater technicians present in each mesoregion, correlating these indicators with the volume of credit contracted and productivity levels. The study is supported by a broad literature review, which includes agricultural modernization processes, the functioning of rural credit in Brazil, climate change, and low-carbon agriculture. The results indicate that productive structures did not correlate with credit for pasture recovery, with the more structured regions having received fewer resources on average. On the other hand, a positive correlation is identified between productive structures and productivity, with more structured regions registering a higher number of animals per hectare. Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48410 2026-02-03T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48374 Title: Suavização ou inclinação tributária? evidências assimétricas do ajuste fiscal no Brasil Abstract: This research investigates the validity of the Tax Smoothing Hypothesis (TSH) and the presence of Tax Tilting in Brazil, using quarterly data from 1997 to 2024. The analyzed variables comprise the nominal fiscal balance, revenue, and central government expenditures. Through the estimation of Linear (ARDL) and Nonlinear (NARDL) Autoregressive Distributed Lag models, a deterministic modeling is proposed to ground the stochastic analysis of short- and long-run dynamics. The results indicate that fiscal policy meets the requirements of sustainability and gradualism, corroborating the basic pillars of the TSH. However, an asymmetric behavior is identified in revenue, better captured by the NARDL model, the robustness of which is corroborated by sensitivity tests involving the inclusion of a structural fiscal dummy variable. This nonlinearity evidences the manifestation of Tax Tilting, confirming that tax smoothing in Brazil occurs in coexistence with a systematic asymmetry in tax burden management. Finally, the joint interpretation of asymmetries and the speed of adjustment (ECM) suggests that linearity should be considered a third theoretical foundation for the full validation of the TSH. Tue, 03 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48374 2026-02-03T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/46917 Title: Determinantes da crise econômica causada pela pandemia da Covid-19: uma abordagem bayesiana Abstract: The objective of this work is to observe the role of macroeconomic, financial, political, institutional, health characteristics, and of economic and health policy responses to the incidence of the economic crisis caused by the covid-19 pandemic. The empirical analysis will be carried out for a sample of 100 countries for the year 2020. The econometric methodology used is the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) with Monte Carlo algorithm via Markov Chains. The work contributes to the literature in two dimensions: i) The Bayesian Model Averaging is used to deal with the problem of uncertainty regarding the set of explanatory variables in crisis incidence models; ii) In addition, a sample of 100 countries and a set of 28 variables that corroborate the understanding of the economic crisis caused by the covid-19 pandemic are used. Empirical results in terms of GDP decline indicate that the crisis was more severe in countries with a higher percentage of tourism in GDP; in countries that have adopted more stringent containment measures, and in countries with higher mortality rates caused by SARS-COV-2. The work consists of five chapters. In chapter 2, a review of the theoretical literature on economic crises and the crisis caused by the pandemic is carried out. Chapter 3 presents the global scenario in 2020 and the possible determinants of the heterogeneous incidence of the crisis. Finally, in chapter 4, the empirical literature on economic crises is presented, the methodology used and the empirical results found. Mon, 29 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/46917 2022-08-29T00:00:00Z