https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/18970 2026-07-19T17:08:28Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48854 Title: Os limites da política econômica brasileira frente à crise de 2008 Abstract: This dissertation analyzes the limitations of Brazilian economic policy in the face of the 2008 international financial crisis, considering Brazil's structurally dependent insertion in the world economy. It starts from the hypothesis that, in peripheral economies, the effects of systemic crises of capitalism are amplified by historical mechanisms of productive, technological, financial, and political subordination, or that restrict the scope and effectiveness of macroeconomic policies. The central theoretical framework mobilized is Celso Furtado's interpretation of underdevelopment and dependency, according to which Latin American economies are characterized by a specific form of capital reproduction, conditioned by asymmetrical relations with hegemonic centers.Empirically, the 2008 crisis is examined as an expression of the contradictions of financed capitalism, highlighting the mechanisms of international transmission of shocks and their differentiated impacts on central and dependent economies. In particular, the Brazilian response to the crisis is analyzed, marked by the adoption of anticyclical fiscal and credit policies, the actions of public banks, and the use of international reserves, which allowed for a relatively rapid recovery in the short term. However, it is argued that this strategy encountered structural limits, evidenced by the restriction of the external sector, the re-primarization of exports, persistent financial dependence, and the fragility of the productive structure. It is concluded that the obstacles faced by Brazil in the post-crisis period were not merely conjunctural, but an expression of a subordinate international insertion that continues to restrict the autonomy of the State and the sustainability of a national development project. 2026-02-05T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48676 Title: Uma análise empírica-estrutural dos regimes de crescimento wage-led ou profit-led para o brasil entre 1947 e 2021, pela perspectiva pós-kaleckiana Abstract: This dissertation empirically analyzes, from a post-Kaleckian perspective, the growth regimes of the Brazilian economy between 1947 and 2021, seeking to classify them as wage-led or profit-led. Using a structural approach, the study separately estimates the impact of functional income distribution on consumption, investment, and the external sector. The results reveal heterogeneity: consumption responds positively to increases in the wage share (wage-led), while investment reacts negatively (profit-led). The effect on net exports is ambiguous but tends to be profit-led. The aggregate analysis indicates that the growth regime is sensitive to the econometric specification, potentially being classified as wage-led in the long run and profit-led in the short run. The work concludes that redistributive policies face a trade-off between stimulating consumption and discouraging investment. 2026-02-23T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48524 Title: Inovação e trajetórias tecnológicas: a produção de medicamentos no Brasil Abstract: Considering innovation as the main way of competition, this master's thesis investigates the possibility of identifying technological paths in the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil, including the Official Pharmaceutical Laboratories of Brazil (LFOB), focusing on the role of patents as a mechanism of appropriability. Based on the evolutionary theory of technological change, which defines a paradigm as specific patterns of problem-solving, and a technological path as the ways of solving them, the study aims to verify the technological path traced by the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil based on patents filed under Brazilian jurisdiction between 2000 and 2024, a period marked by significant institutional changes. The guiding hypothesis of the work is that there is no consistent and well-defined technological trajectory in the pharmaceutical industry established in Brazil. To achieve the proposed objective, the configuration of the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil is initially presented, marked by the coexistence of transnational companies, national companies, and Official Pharmaceutical Laboratories, as well as by high external technological dependence. Subsequently, the social network analysis (SNA) method is applied to patent citations extracted from the Lens.org database, as this allows establishing relationships between individuals in order to identify technological connections and possible trajectories. The results indicate weaknesses in the articulation between patents, both in the overall industry and in the specific case of LFOBs, suggesting that the technological path found is neither consistent nor well-defined, confirming the hypothesis of the work. What seems to exist, in fact, are some "islands" of knowledge centered around a few of the most relevant patents in the sample. Therefore, the need for intervention in a sector with a twofold interest, social and economic, is evident. In this sense, policies to stimulate the pharmaceutical industry should be designed considering an efficient integration between industrial and social policy. 2026-02-05T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48410 Title: Acesso ao crédito ABC e Recuperação de Pastagens em Minas Gerais: uma análise da correlação entre as Estruturas Produtivas e Produtividade Abstract: Pasture recovery is essential for the sustainability of livestock farming, since degradation reduces soil organic matter, vegetation cover, and the nutritional quality of forage. Inadequate management compromises productive vigor and increases greenhouse gas emissions. In this sense, this work aims to understand whether the productive structures of the mesoregions of Minas Gerais correlate with the contracting of credit for pasture recovery and with productivity levels. By productive structures, the study refers to the set of institutions, organizations, and services that support the agricultural production process, including financial institutions, input resellers, agricultural cooperatives, and technical assistance and rural extension services that are heterogeneously distributed across the mesoregions of Minas Gerais. To this end, Spearman's correlation coefficient is used, a non-parametric method that measures the associations between variables through ranks. The analysis considers information on the number of financial institutions, input resellers, agricultural cooperatives, and Emater technicians present in each mesoregion, correlating these indicators with the volume of credit contracted and productivity levels. The study is supported by a broad literature review, which includes agricultural modernization processes, the functioning of rural credit in Brazil, climate change, and low-carbon agriculture. The results indicate that productive structures did not correlate with credit for pasture recovery, with the more structured regions having received fewer resources on average. On the other hand, a positive correlation is identified between productive structures and productivity, with more structured regions registering a higher number of animals per hectare. 2026-02-03T00:00:00Z