https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/18943 2026-04-04T03:39:38Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48432 Title: Análise dialélica de genitores de soja visando precocidade, produtividade e teores de proteína e óleo Abstract: The careful selection of parents through combining ability methods, as well as the estimation of genetic parameters and correlations, constitute fundamental tools in breeding programs to identify segregating populations with high genetic potential and to ensure the development of superior soybean cultivars. This thesis was divided into three chapters in the article format. The first chapter aimed to evaluate the combining ability of five soybean parents for agronomic traits and protein and oil contents, with the objective of identifying promising combinations for the extraction of superior lines. The trials were conducted in Uberlândia (MG) in the 2022/23 (F3 generation) and 2023/24 (F4 generation) growing seasons, involving the parents UFUS 7010, UFUS 7101, IAC Foscarin-31, TMG 803, and BRS 511. Through diallel analysis, it was concluded that the parents IAC Foscarin-31 and BRS 511 contribute to earlier maturity and higher protein content, while TMG 803 favors productivity, and UFUS 7101 increases oil content. The most promising combinations for earliness and grain yield were TMG 803 × BRS 511 and IAC Foscarin-31 × TMG 803, whereas the combination IAC Foscarin-31 × BRS 511 stood out for increasing protein content. The second chapter aimed to estimate the combining ability of nine soybean parents through a partial diallel and to identify promising segregating combinations for agronomic traits. The trials were conducted in Uberlândia-MG in the 2023/24 (F2) and 2024/25 (F3) growing seasons, using a partial diallel between five elite genotypes (UFUS 7010, UFUS 7101, UFUS 7201, UFUS 7910, and UFUS 8401) and four genotypes serving as sources of resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (TMG 2381 IPRO, TMG 4182, BRS 7380 RR, and BRS 7581 RR). Additive gene effects predominated, indicating that the parents UFUS 7201, UFUS 8401, TMG 2381 IPRO, and TMG 4182 provided the greatest gains for yield and number of pods. The most promising combinations for obtaining superior genotypes with high productive potential were UFUS 7101 × TMG 2381 IPRO, UFUS 7910 × TMG 2381 IPRO, and UFUS 7910 × TMG 4182. The third chapter aimed to estimate genetic parameters in segregating populations and to select those with the highest potential for earliness, grain yield, and protein and oil content. Eight segregating populations and six parents were evaluated in the early generations (F2, F3, and F4), conducted in Uberlândia (MG) between the 2021/22 and 2023/24 growing seasons. The analyses showed significant genetic variability and high-magnitude heritabilities for cycle and biochemical quality. The populations UFUS 4 (for earliness and oil), UFUS 7 (for protein), and UFUS 8 (for productivity, medium cycle, and oil) stood out as the most promising for the extraction of superior genotypes. In all experiments, phenological, agronomic, yield components, and grain biochemical quality traits were evaluated. 2026-02-13T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48298 Title: Imagens RGB obtidas por VANT na fenotipagem de alto rendimento para seleção de genótipos de soja Abstract: The current promising soybean scenario in Brazil reflects the contributions of numerous areas, including biotechnology, precision agriculture and advances in plant breeding programs. In the current phase of plant breeding, high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) stands out to be a promising tool, enabling the evaluation of multiple variables with a high level of spatial and temporal detail, what showed to mean until now unattainable with traditional methodologies. The objective of this research aimed not only to select superior soybean genotypes in different growing and sowing seasons by applying direct, indirect and selection index, but also to evaluate the use of RGB images obtained with UAVs in the analysis of agronomic variables in soybean for genetic breeding purposes, in Buriti Alegre city - GO. The experiments were conducted on the field of this city, with sowings carried out on November 30, 2023, December 10, 2023, December 30, 2023, December 10, 2024, and December 30, 2024. 60 soybean genotypes, 41 lines and 19 control cultivars were used for this purpose. The studied genotypes were subjected to different selection techniques, considering the genotype x environment interaction, involving direct and indirect selection as well as selection indices by sum of ranks, for the following variables: plant height at maturity, number of days to maturity and grain yield. A principal component analysis (PCA) indicated the distribution of soybean genotypes (dots) and its evaluated variables (arrows), of the agronomic variables: plant height at maturity, number of days to maturity, number of pods, productivity and vegetation indices obtained from RGB images (ExG, NGRDI and VARI) at different phenological stages (R5 to R8). The study of BLUPs reinforced the selection criteria indicated by the vegetation indices, mainly VARI and NGRDI. Different numbers of relative maturity groups of genotypes were observed, ranging from 5, 4, 2, 4, and 3 groups, respectively, for the sowing dates: 11/30/2023, 12/20/2023, 12/30/2023, 12/10/2024, and 12/30/2024, which strongly means that the relative maturity was influenced by the environment. The heritability study revealed that the specifically agronomic variables number of days to maturity and plant height at maturity exceeded the heritability value for grain yield. Furthermore, the application of high-performance phenotyping (HTP) using RGB images proved to be an efficient, non-destructive and low-cost strategy for the phenotypic evaluation of soybean genotypes. Moreover, the vegetation indices ExG, VARI and NGRDI submitted evidence of a strong relation with the agronomic variables average plant height (APM), number of pods (NV), grain yield (PROD) and number of days to maturity (NDM), setting forth potential for its application in the indirect selection of promising genotypes. 2025-10-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48053 Title: Efeito do silicato de cálcio e magnésio em sistemas de sucessão de culturas Abstract: Silicon (Si) can contribute to plant resistance to pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses, although its response varies according to the cultivated species and soil conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the residual effect of calcium and magnesium silicate and crop succession on Si in the soil and plants, on the development and productivity of corn, wheat, and soybean crops, on the insect population associated with these crops, and on soil microbial activity. The experiment was conducted in an area with clayey soil (37% clay) and a high initial Si content (11.53 mg kg⁻¹). The experimental design was a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (silicate application × agricultural seasons of the crop succession). Treatments included four successive cropping cycles after prior silicate application, in addition to two controls: one with dolomitic limestone to balance the calcium and magnesium supplied by the silicate source, and another without application. Calcium and magnesium silicate was applied at 8.2 t ha⁻¹, equivalent to 1.0 t ha⁻¹ of total Si, and dolomitic limestone at 7.0 t ha⁻¹, adjusted to maintain the balance between calcium and magnesium. The first sowing occurred 23 days after application (DAA), with soybean and corn. In the second season, at 184 DAA, corn and wheat were established; the third, at 321 DAA, included brachiaria and forage radish; and the fourth, at 391 DAA, consisted of soybean and corn. During the cycles, insect populations, Si contents in soil and leaves, and productivity indicators were evaluated. At the end of the experiment (541 DAA), soil microbial activities were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed by ANOVA, and means were compared using the Tukey and Scott–Knott tests at 5% and 10% probability. Insect populations were analyzed using a mixed generalized linear model. Silicate application increased Si availability in the soil, reaching levels of up to 15.18 mg kg⁻¹ in the MTB Si+ system (corn–wheat–brachiaria with Si application), with a more pronounced effect at 321 days after application. Soil Si content tended to be lower after forage radish cultivation compared with brachiaria; however, this effect was not confirmed by leaf Si content in subsequent crops in the succession. Soybean, as a preceding crop compared with corn, favored vegetative growth and the formation of reproductive structures in wheat, without, however, resulting in a significant increase in productivity. Insect population density varied according to sampling time, with no consistent effect of the treatments. Soil microbiological attributes, such as microbial respiration and microbial biomass carbon, showed no differences at 541 days after application. Despite the soil having a high Si content, the application of calcium and magnesium silicate was able to increase the levels of this element in the soil and plants in the long term, with a pronounced effect for approximately one year after application. However, no effects of Si and crop succession were observed on the reduction of insect populations or on soil microbial activity. Although there was no effect of Si on the productivity of corn, wheat, and soybean, some productivity indicators were positively affected by Si in soybean and wheat and by crop succession in wheat. 2025-09-29T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48034 Title: Avaliação agronômica e qualidade bromatológica do brócolis sob cultivos sucessivos, fontes e doses de fertilizantes especiais para fornecimento de fósforo no Cerrado Abstract: The Organomineral fertilizers (FOs) and polymer-coated minerals (FMRs) have been presented as a new option for reducing losses due to leaching and adsorption of phosphorus (P) in weathered soils in tropical regions for longer-cycle crops, but they still need to be better evaluated for vegetables. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance, nutritional status of the plant, and physicochemical characteristics of broccoli grown under different doses and sources of special fertilizers for P supply in Uberaba, MG. The study was conducted in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots, in which three sources of P were evaluated: 1 - conventional monoammonium phosphate (CMP); 2 - polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (PCMP); 3 - Granulated organomineral fertilizer (GOF). Four doses were evaluated: 0 (no P application), 50 (200 kg ha-1 of P2O5), 75 (300 kg ha-1 of P2O5), and 100% (400 kg ha-1 of P2O5) of the recommended dose of P for broccoli cultivation, in three consecutive cycles, with four replicates. The nutritional status of the plant, soil fertility at harvest, number of leaves (NL), fresh mass (HFM) and dry mass of the head (HDM), and yield (YLD) of broccoli were evaluated. In the third cycle, the physical-chemical quality of the production was also evaluated. It was observed that in the first cycle, broccoli presented higher values for NL (24), HFM (1.05 kg plant-1), HDM (0.27 kg plant-1), and YLD (18.81 Mg ha-1) where PCMP was applied, which was, respectively, 5, 25, 8, and 23% higher than the GOF and 20, 25, 14, and 34% higher than the CMP; In the second cycle, the highest values for NL (23), HFM (1.85 kg plant-1), HDM (0.26 kg plant-1), and YLD (33.01 Mg ha-1) occurred where GOF was applied, which was 4, 15, 8, and 5% higher when compared to CMP and 2, 24, 4, and 14% higher when compared to PCMP, respectively; In the third cycle, the highest values for HFM (0.91 kg plant-1), HDM (0.29 kg plant-1) and YLD (22.82 Mg ha-1) occurred where GOF was applied, which was 5, 10 and 6% higher when compared to PCMP and 24, 10 and 10% higher when compared to CMP, respectively; The best agronomic performance, the highest phosphorus content in the soil and plant, and the best physical-chemical quality of broccoli occurred at the dose of 100% (400 kg ha-1 of P2O5) of the recommendation for the crop, in the three fertilizers evaluated; The moisture, ash, protein, lipid, total titratable acid, and ascorbic acid contents were not significantly affected by the fertilizers used. On the other hand, total soluble solids and pH presented the highest and lowest values in CMP, respectively; GOF provided the best agronomic performance of broccoli and the greatest residual effect on the soil in the second and third cycles compared to PCMP and and CMP. 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z