https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/18928 2026-04-15T05:13:43Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/48187 Title: Modelagem preditiva de produtividade agrícola a partir de fontes de dados espaciais (FLDAS) para a cultura da soja na Mesorregião Norte do estado do Mato Grosso Abstract: Forecasting agricultural productivity is a strategic challenge for production planning, rural credit, and public policy formulation. In Brazil, such forecasts have traditionally relied on meteorological data from conventional weather stations, which are limited by inconsistencies, low spatial coverage, and temporal gaps. This study proposes the development of a crop yield prediction model based on climate data obtained from multisatellite remote sensing, integrating information from FLDAS/NOAH (NASA/Giovanni) for the historical period from 1989 to 2022. Climate variables, processed in NetCDF format, were spatially extracted from municipal centroids and combined with official soybean yield records provided by IBGE/SIDRA. The method applied was based on machine learning through ensemble decision trees (gradient boosting), exploring 216 climate variables derived from energy balance, hydrological fluxes, radiation, and atmospheric parameters. The results achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.823, with consistent RMSE and MAE values, demonstrating the model’s strong ability to reproduce observed yield variability, even without including agronomic variables such as soil fertility and management practices. Variable importance analysis using SHAP values highlighted that hydrological balance and radiation components were decisive in predicting yield during critical phenological stages of soybean. The findings indicate that the model is robust and scalable, allowing validation for other crops and agricultural regions. In addition to providing reliable forecasts, the proposed approach expands the potential for agricultural monitoring in areas lacking conventional meteorological data, representing a valuable tool for farm management, public policy, rural credit, insurance, and logistics planning. 2025-10-20T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/46868 Title: A regulamentação do biogás como instrumento de enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas Abstract: Biogas is a renewable energy source that has the potential to contribute to combating global warming, but for its development, a National Policy is needed to regulate several aspects, such as economic, environmental and social. Some Brazilian states already have state legislation regulating this energy source, but at the national level there is a lack of regulations, causing legal uncertainty for investors, which hinders the expansion of this sector. Therefore, a national plan for its structural growth is advisable, which requires knowledge, financing and cutting-edge technology. And, to this end, a robust law is needed to unite the country around this purpose. Therefore, we argue in favor of modern regulation for biogas in Brazil, through an instrument that acts effectively in the decarbonization of society's activities and simultaneously contributes to climate justice, allowing the most vulnerable to use this energy source. There is no other path for humanity and the planet other than to adopt new production and consumption habits, gradually abandoning fossil fuels. Thus, this research covered concepts such as global warming, climate change, and the national and international system of fundamental standards for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, it addressed the energy transition, biofuels, and biogas, and at the end presented a draft of a bill on this subject. With this purpose, the research developed is of an applied nature, using the deductive method of approach and analyzing the objectives in a descriptive and exploratory manner, with consultation of bibliographic sources, periodicals, and national and international legislative documents as subsidies for interpretations and reflections on the proposed theme. In the end, it is concluded that, in order to regulate biogas, it is inevitable to provide for its exploration, waste management, and production with provision for investments and subsidies, which is provided for in such a normative proposal. Furthermore, the draft presented at the end of this thesis suggests devices for a National Policy aimed at stabilizing the climate crisis experienced on the planet, helping Brazil to achieve its goals for reducing greenhouse gases.; El biogás es una fuente de energía renovable con el potencial de contribuir a la lucha contra el calentamiento global. Sin embargo, para su desarrollo, se requiere una Política Nacional que regule diversos aspectos, como los económicos, ambientales y sociales. Algunos estados brasileños ya cuentan con legislación estatal que regula esta fuente de energía, pero a nivel nacional existe una falta de regulación, lo que genera inseguridad jurídica para los inversores y dificulta la expansión de este sector. Por lo tanto, es recomendable un plan nacional para su crecimiento estructural, que requiere conocimiento, financiación y tecnología de vanguardia. Para ello, se necesita una ley sólida que coordine al país en torno a este propósito. Por lo tanto, abogamos por una regulación moderna del biogás en Brasil, mediante un instrumento que actúe eficazmente en la descarbonización de las actividades de la sociedad y, a la vez, contribuya a la justicia climática, permitiendo que los más vulnerables utilicen esta fuente de energía. No hay otro camino para la humanidad y el planeta que adoptar nuevos hábitos de producción y consumo, abandonando gradualmente los combustibles fósiles. Por ello, esta investigación abordó conceptos como el calentamiento global, el cambio climático y el sistema nacional e internacional de estándares fundamentales para la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Además, abordó la transición energética, los biocombustibles y el biogás, y finalmente presentó un borrador de proyecto de ley sobre este tema. Con este propósito, la investigación desarrollada es de naturaleza aplicada, utilizando el método deductivo de aproximación y analizando los objetivos de manera descriptiva y exploratoria, con consulta de fuentes bibliográficas, publicaciones periódicas y documentos legislativos nacionales e internacionales como subsidios para interpretaciones y reflexiones sobre el tema propuesto. Finalmente, se concluye que, para regular el biogás, es inevitable prever su exploración, gestión de residuos y producción con previsión de inversiones y subsidios, lo cual está previsto en dicha propuesta normativa. Además, el borrador presentado al final de esta tesis sugiere mecanismos para una Política Nacional destinada a estabilizar la crisis climática experimentada en el planeta, ayudando a Brasil a alcanzar sus objetivos de reducción de gases de efecto invernadero. 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/45410 Title: O contrato de trabalho de curtíssima duração como instrumento de salvaguarda de direitos sociais ao trabalhador rural de culturas agrícolas sazonais Abstract: This doctoral thesis aims to answer the question of the validity of very short-term employment contracts for rural work. The thesis sought to develop the validity of a specific type of employment contract -- of very short duration -- for rural workers. The research objectives were to describe and analyze this contract proposal based on its constitutional validity, fundamental social rights, and how it is adapted to the environmental policy and the biofuel energy matrix. The national sustainable energy matrix is also dependent on agricultural labor, and this contract proves to be convenient in the reality of rural production. The research is of a basic strategic nature, presenting a possible solution in the regulation of rural labor. As it seeks to describe the regulatory system of labor, and at the same time already present a regulatory solution, it has a descriptive and exploratory character. The approach of the work is qualitative, seeking to express, in the end, a positive assessment for the adoption of this contract. The results are the basic delimitation of what this contract would be and its validity in the national legal system. The research relied on bibliographic and documentary sources for its final writing. 2024-12-06T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/44973 Title: Biocombustíveis no contexto da política de transição energética do Brasil: contribuições, limites e possibilidades diante da necessidade de justiça climática no capitaloceno Abstract: The climate emergency has imposed a new agenda on international relations, bringing to regulation the need to reconcile different fields of knowledge, such as law, energy studies, economic, political and social issues, with multiple interests, agendas and demands that need to be modulated, not for the sake of immediate interests, but for future generations and human existence. Based on the concepts of climate justice and energy transition, this paper seeks to analyze the role of biofuels within Brazil's energy transition strategy. It was presented how the capitalocene is responsible for an unprecedented crisis that threatens the existence of life on the planet. It was emphasized that technologies need to be more than sustainable, because it is no longer enough for them to be renewable, they also need to be clean, in order to be able to break the catastrophic future that lies ahead. In this context, Brazilian biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel stand out in comparison with the electric motor matrix in the reorganization of the light vehicle and cargo fleet, in the definition of the transition policy. Through a literature review, the use of indirect comparative research using the Life Cycle Analysis method (ISO 14040 to 14044 and ABNT-ISO 14040), documentary research in normative documents, a comparison was made between different forms of motorization, from internal combustion engines powered by fossil and renewable fuels, 100% electric engines and hybrid engines of different generations, in an attempt to identify the relationship between the choice of motorization of the fleet and the factors that influenced the political decision making for certain energies to the detriment of others. The work thus demonstrates that in the current context and the global perspectives for structuring a new model of society that is not based on carbon and exploitation are indispensable conditions for the transition, not only of energy, but of the relationship between man and nature. The perspectives of alternatives ranging from the global green new deal to the construction of a new society, including the theory of degrowth, are presented as proposed solutions to the problem currently facing us - the climate crisis. The way out of the change in degrowth economics on these issues (economic transition or societal transition) and Brazilian regulation strategies in this global framework of legal- political regulation. The hypothesis that biomass biofuels are clean and renewable energies with the potential to contribute to actions compatible with the global GHG emission reduction targets for 2050 was presented and verified. The paper presents an inventory of the methodologies used to calculate the carbon footprint of each energy matrix, in order to guide policies that could lead to a situation of zero or negative GHG emissions. Brazil's energy transition policy follows a global green new deal model and relies on technological solutions as an alternative to the climate crisis, although there are contradictions between the proposed model and political and economic practice, there is no social change (focused on needs rather than growth) underway, and that the Brazilian option is no different from that of developed countries, that national biofuels do not occupy the position they should occupy in the transition, either as a technology or as a change in society.; La emergencia climática ha impuesto una nueva agenda en las relaciones internacionales, trayendo a regulación la necesidad de conciliar diferentes campos del conocimiento, como el derecho, los estudios energéticos, las cuestiones económicas, políticas y sociales, con múltiples intereses, agendas y demandas que necesitan ser moduladas, no a favor de intereses inmediatos, sino a favor de las generaciones futuras y de la existencia humana. Partiendo de los conceptos de justicia climática y transición energética, este trabajo pretende analizar el papel de los biocombustibles dentro de la estrategia brasileña de transición energética. El trabajo presenta cómo el Capitaloceno es responsable de una crisis sin precedentes que amenaza la existencia de la vida en el planeta. Se subraya que las tecnologías tienen que ser más que sostenibles, porque ya no basta con que sean renovables, sino que también tienen que ser limpias, para poder romper el futuro catastrófico que se avecina. En este contexto, los biocombustibles brasileños, como el etanol y el biodiesel, se destacan en comparación con la matriz del motor eléctrico en la reorganización de la flota de vehículos livianos y de carga, en la definición de la política de transición. Por medio de revisión bibliográfica, utilización de investigación comparativa indirecta utilizando el método de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ISO 14040 a 14044 y ABNT-ISO 14040), investigación documental en documentos normativos, se realizó una comparación entre diversas formas de motorización, desde motores de combustión interna alimentados por combustibles fósiles y combustibles renovables, motores 100% eléctricos y motores híbridos de diferentes generaciones, con el objetivo de identificar la relación entre la elección de motorización para la flota y los factores que influyeron en la decisión política por determinadas energías en detrimento de otras. El trabajo demuestra así que en el contexto actual y las perspectivas globales para la estructuración de un nuevo modelo de sociedad que no se base en el carbono y la explotación son condiciones indispensables para la transición, no sólo de la energía, sino de la relación entre el hombre y la naturaleza. Las perspectivas de alternativas que van desde el global green new deal hasta la construcción de una nueva sociedad, pasando por la teoría del decrecimiento, se presentan como propuestas de solución al problema al que nos enfrentamos actualmente: la crisis climática. La salida del cambio en la economía del decrecimiento sobre estas cuestiones (transición económica o transición societal) y las estrategias reguladoras brasileñas en este marco global de regulación jurídico-política. Se presentó y verificó la hipótesis de que los biocombustibles de biomasa son energías limpias y renovables con potencial para contribuir a acciones compatibles con las metas globales de reducción de emisiones de GEI para 2050. El trabajo presenta un inventario de las metodologías utilizadas para calcular la huella de carbono de cada matriz energética, con el fin de orientar las políticas que podrían conducir a una situación de emisiones de GEI nulas o negativas. Se concluye que la política de transición energética de Brasil sigue un modelo global green new deal y apuesta en una solución tecnológica como alternativa a la crisis climática, que aunque existan contradicciones entre el modelo propuesto y la práctica política y económica, no hay un cambio social (centrado en las necesidades y no en el crecimiento) en curso, y que la opción brasileña no es diferente de la de los países desarrollados, que los biocombustibles nacionales no ocupan la posición que deberían ocupar en la transición, ni como tecnología ni como cambio en la sociedad. 2024-12-20T00:00:00Z