https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/39994 2026-09-27T21:34:01Z 2026-09-27T21:34:01Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/50429 2026-09-26T06:18:47Z 2026-04-17T00:00:00Z

Title: Camadas de alienação e estranhamento no século XX Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate whether, in the twentieth century, capitalism develops new manifestations of alienation or estrangement different from those described by Marx in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts and by him and Engels in The German Ideology and The Communist Manifesto. To this end, it was necessary to examine the historical process of the formation of these concepts in Hegel, as well as Marx’s and Engels’ debate with Feuerbach. With the concepts clearly defined, we studied the theory of value and the development of the productive forces in the twentieth century, especially the Taylorism and the process of the financialization of the economy, to determine whether new manifestations of alienation or estrangement emerge in the new labor relations that arose during that century. We analyze how the labor and exchange relations developed in the twentieth century add layers of alienation/estrangement in relation to the general forms of alienation/estrangement described by Marx and Engels in the nineteenth century. We point out that these layers of alienation are specific forms of the general forms identified in the nineteenth century. Finally, we argue that there are no fundamentally different forms of alienation/estrangement, since the forms described by Marx indicate that the basis of alienation lies in private property; and as this foundation has not changed, the general forms of alienation/estrangement remain the same. What changes, rather, is the emergence of new ways of how we perceive alienation.

2026-04-17T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/50153 2026-09-09T06:18:08Z 2026-06-30T00:00:00Z

Title: A estética musical em Descartes Abstract: Cette thèse examine la possibilité d’identifier une élaboration esthétique dans la pensée de René Descartes, dont l’origine se trouve dans le Compendium musicae (1618) et dont les développements se prolongent jusqu’aux Passions de l’Âme (1649). À partir de l’hypothèse selon laquelle la réflexion cartésienne sur la musique dépasse le cadre de la théorie musicale et de l’acoustique, cette recherche analyse les rapports entre proportion, plaisir, sensibilité et affects afin de mettre en évidence l’existence d’une esthétique implicite au sein de la philosophie cartésienne. L’étude repose sur l’analyse directe des textes originaux de Descartes, en latin et en français, avec une attention particulière portée au Compendium musicae, à la correspondance philosophique, notamment avec Marin Mersenne et Constantijn Huygens, au Traité de l’Homme ainsi qu’aux Passions de l’Âme. Une place importante est accordée à l’examen des Praenotanda, ensemble de propositions préliminaires dans lesquelles Descartes expose les principes de la perception sensible, de la délectation et de la proportion. La recherche engage également un dialogue critique avec la tradition interprétative en confrontant les lectures classiques, qui refusent l’existence d’une esthétique cartésienne, aux interprétations contemporaines qui reconnaissent l’importance philosophique de la sensibilité dans son oeuvre. Les résultats montrent que Descartes déplace la compréhension de la musique d’un horizon cosmologique hérité de la tradition pythagoricienne vers une perspective centrée sur l’expérience humaine du plaisir. La distinction entre perfection et beauté, développée dans sa correspondance, révèle que le beau ne se réduit pas aux propriétés mathématiques de l’objet, mais dépend de la relation entre le son et l’âme qui le perçoit. Il est ainsi possible de conclure que le Compendium constitue le point de départ d’une réflexion sur le sensible qui trouve son prolongement dans la théorie des passions, permettant de reconnaître l’existence d’une esthétique cartésienne fondée sur l’union de l’âme et du corps, de la proportion et de la délectation, de la raison et de la sensibilité.

2026-06-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/49911 2026-08-28T06:20:19Z 2026-03-05T00:00:00Z

Title: Filosofar desde el pensamiento amerindio: la construcción discursiva del mundo desde el Sumak Kawsay/Buen Vivir andino Abstract: This thesis analyzes the epistemic principles of the Andean philosophy of sumak kawsay (good living) and its contribution to the construction of an ecophilosophy from Latin America. In a context of global ecological crisis, the work argues that this ancestral worldview offers an alternative narrative of the world, based on a relational ontology that transcends modern anthropocentris m. The results demonstrate that sumak kawsay is not merely a theory, but an ethical, political, and ecological praxis that proposes a reciprocal relationship with nature. Faced with the civilizational crisis, this philosophy emerges as a transmodern altern ative that, from the “constitutive outside” of modernity, demands the decolonization of knowledge, the reorientation of development, and the adoption of an ethic of care. The thesis concludes that Andean good living constitutes a fundamental contribution t o imagining other possible worlds, anchored in ancestral memory and in balance with the web of life, and, in a context in which the future seems to be blurred from historical temporality, it would be pertinent to propose from Abya Yala a philosophy for urg ent issues.

2026-03-05T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/49663 2026-08-26T16:27:44Z 2026-07-17T00:00:00Z

Title: Efetuação dos direitos humanos aos sujeitos queer: a crítica de Judith Butler aplicada a análise literária Abstract: In recent decades, debates on gender identities and sexual diversity have gained increasing prominence in the fields of philosophy, law, and the human sciences. This movement reflects profound social transformations that challenge traditional models of normativity that have historically structured understandings of the subject, the family, and citizenship. In this context, contemporary theories of gender performativity, particularly those developed by Judith Butler (2010; 2013; 2019; 2020; 2021; 2023), provide relevant conceptual tools for understanding how identities are socially produced, regulated, and, at the same time, potentially subverted. This dissertation is situated within this critical framework and investigates the relationships between Queer theory, legal normativity, and the recognition of dissident subjectivities, articulating philosophical reflection, literary analysis, and legal discussion. Its central motivation lies in the observation that, although significant reconfigurations have taken place in the field of civil rights and legal protection of Queer individuals in different countries, structural tensions persist between the formal recognition of these identities and the maintenance of social and institutional norms grounded in heteronormativity and gender binarism. Thus, the research problem guiding this study asks: in what ways do gender performativity theory and the contributions of Queer theory enable a critical understanding of the limitations and possibilities of legal recognition of Queer identities within contemporary normative systems? In response, the dissertation aims to analyze the relationships between Queer theory, legal normativity, and citizenship, seeking to understand how legal and cultural structures simultaneously regulate and enable the recognition of Queer subjects. The study examines the contribution of performativity to the critique of legal gender categories; analyzes law as both an instrument of exclusion and protection; and explores the tension between legal recognition and the persistence of heteronormative standards. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach, combining bibliographic research, philosophical analysis, legalcritical examination, and literary interpretation. The theoretical framework engages authors such as Michel Foucault (2022), Joan Riviere (2005), Gayle Rubin (2003; 2016), Julia Kristeva (2024), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1915; 1978). In the literary domain, the analysis of O Arroz de Palma (Azevedo, 2011), The Handmaid’s Tale (Atwood, 2017), and Stella Manhattan (Santiago, 2011) explores narrative representations of tensions between identity, power, and social normativity, understanding literature as a site of meaning production that challenges theoretical categories. The study further distinguishes three levels of legal operation–positive law, institutional practices, and legal discourse–highlighting the gap between formal recognition and lived experience. Empirically, it considers national and international contexts through selected paradigmatic cases, including non-Western experiences such as the hijra category, in order to question the universality of identity frameworks. The dissertation concludes that the legal recognition of Queer identities constitutes a structurally ambivalent process, in which the expansion of protection coexists with the delimitation of intelligibility. Human rights are thus understood as a historically situated and contested field, in which forms of recognition are continuously reconfigured.

2026-07-17T00:00:00Z